The Commercial Value We Deliver

Our Operating Environment

The global economic picture

During the year under review, the echoes of the COVID-19 pandemic continued to impact economies around the globe worldwide. Just as the benefits of emerging from the crisis were becoming apparent, however, a new one established itself in the form of the war triggered with Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. This had an immediate impact on the supply of food and energy, increasing insecurity, with many developing countries particularly exposed. High inflation continued to affect disposable income globally, with the rising cost-of-living exacerbating poverty and economic pressure. With local weather patterns increasingly disrupted by global warming, heat waves, wildfires, floods, and hurricanes have triggered significant humanitarian and economic challenges, and in addition, the year saw a perceptible uptick in the possibility of a debt crisis in developing countries. The result has been a worsening of material prospects emanating from weaker external demand and tighter financing conditions in emerging economies, with economic activity and per-capita income growth forecast to be slow in direct proportion to levels of poverty.

Global Growth Forecast

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The Domestic Picture


Kenyan real gross domestic product (GDP) slowed down to 4.8% in 2022, compared to a revised growth of 7.6% in 2021, supported by service-oriented activities including Financial and Insurance (+12.8%), Information and Communication (+9.9%) and Transportation and Storage (+5.6%). During the year under review, economic growth was inhibited by a combination of global commodity prices, an extended regional drought, high interest rates and political uncertainty around the 2022 general elections. The influence of these factors was felt in Kenyan households, with the agriculture sector, which contributes significantly to GDP, contracting by 1.6% in 2022. The year also saw a rise in food insecurity, particularly in rural areas where food consumption had been reduced in over half of households by June 2022. Inflation had an additional impact, with a perceptible increase in the prices of essential food items, leaving many people unable to afford staples such as beans or maize. In an attempt to control this trend, the Central Bank of Kenya (CBK) raised the Central Bank Rate (CBR) four times since March 2022, by a cumulative 250 basis points, ultimately pegging it at 9.50% as at March 2023. The following key steps characterised Kenyan economic conditions and remediating responses during 2022:

  • A tightening of monetary policy in response to inflation
  • Continued depreciation of the Kenya Shilling against the US dollar
  • An economic transformation agenda laid out by the Government of Kenya (GoK), focusing on on economic empowerment, to promote inclusive growth
  • Climate crisis impact on agriculture, with increasing variability in rainfall, with the Agricultural sector Transformation and Growth Strategy devised to combat this
  • Digital transformation assuming increasing importance as part of the country’s growth agenda

Domestic Picture Representation

Our Competitive Landscape and Market Share

The Kenyan communications industry is aware of, and follows, global trends in the mobile eco-system. These include:

  • A focus on 5G monetisation
  • Increasing traction of the metaverse and its building blocks – content and applications, and standards and devices
  • Fintech opportunities
  • Climate-based goals-driven circularity production model involving the sharing, re-use, leasing, repairing, refurbishing and recycling

Kenyan Mobile Market – Key Numbers up to December 2022

63,360,751

Total number of mobile phones

33,618,061

Total number of feature phones

29,742,690

Total number of smartphones

47.7 million

Mobile data/Internet subscriptions

38.6 million

Mobile money subscriptions

68.1%

Total phone penetration

60.2%

Smartphone penetration

Mobile data and Broadband Services

Mobile Network Service

The number of mobile subscriptions increased from 65.5 million in Q1 2022 to 65.7 million in Q2, with a penetration rate of 133.1%.

Mobile Subscriptions per Operator

Mobile Network Service

Machine-to-machine Subscriptions

The number of SIM cards used to facilitate communication between machines, such as in car-tracking services, stood at 1,510,236 as at 31 December 2022.

Domestic Mobile voice and SMS Traffic Market Share